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    <title>《矛盾论》提纲</title>
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            <p class="title">《矛盾论》提纲</p>
            <span>
                <p>毛泽东同志的著作,个人以《毛泽东选集》第一卷的三篇文章最为要紧:</p>
                <ul>
                    <li><a href="https://www.marxists.org/chinese/maozedong/marxist.org-chinese-mao-19251201.htm">中国社会各阶级的分析</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.marxists.org/chinese/maozedong/marxist.org-chinese-mao-193707.htm">实践论</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.marxists.org/chinese/maozedong/marxist.org-chinese-mao-193708.htm">矛盾论</a></li>
                </ul>
                <p>而以<a
                        href="https://www.marxists.org/chinese/maozedong/marxist.org-chinese-mao-19560425.htm">论十大关系</a>、<a
                        href="https://www.marxists.org/chinese/maozedong/marxist.org-chinese-mao-19510520.htm">应当重视电影《武训传》的讨论</a>、<a
                        href="https://www.marxists.org/chinese/maozedong/marxist.org-chinese-mao-19570227.htm">关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题</a>几篇为其辅弼。
                </p>
            </span>
            <p><span>上述几篇文章,读后顿生拨云见月之感:原来世界是这个样子的!原来我自己是这样想的!</span></p>
            <p><span>于是为人打下思维的基础,就好像在人脑装了一个精妙的操作系统,一切的硬件、软件,好用的、好玩的、简单的、难以理解的,都可以通过这个操作系统得到解答与指示。</span></p>
            <p><span>《矛盾论》太长,这是我做的提纲,希望能对看到的人(包括以后的自己)有所帮助。</span></p>
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                            payload: { lines: [0, 1] },
                            content: "《矛盾论》提纲",
                            children: [
                                {
                                    type: "heading",
                                    depth: 1,
                                    payload: { lines: [1, 2] },
                                    content: "两种宇宙观",
                                    children: [
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [2, 3] },
                                            content: "形而上学/玄学",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [3, 4] },
                                                    content: "观点",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [4, 5] },
                                                            content: "内容",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [5, 6] },
                                                                    content: "发展是减少和增加,是重复",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [6, 7] },
                                                                    content: "用孤立、静止、片面的观点看世界",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [7, 8] },
                                                            content: "本质",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [8, 9] },
                                                                    content: "一切事物相互孤立永不变化",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [9, 10] },
                                                                            content: "事物有数量和场所的变化",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [10, 11] },
                                                                            content: "上述变化是由于外力而非内力",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [11, 12] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "机械唯物论和庸俗进化论的<strong>外因论、被动论</strong>",
                                                                },
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                                                    payload: { lines: [12, 13] },
                                                    content: "实例",
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                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [13, 14] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "资本主义剥削可以在原始、奴隶、封建社会找到,并将永久地存在下去",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [14, 15] },
                                                            content: "社会发展是由于外界环境如气候等的变化",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [15, 16] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "中国古代的<strong>“天不变,道亦不变”</strong>",
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                                                    ],
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                                            ],
                                        },
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                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [16, 17] },
                                            content: "唯物辩证法",
                                            children: [
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                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [17, 18] },
                                                    content: "观点",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [18, 19] },
                                                            content: "内容",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [19, 20] },
                                                                    content: "发展是对立的统一",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [20, 21] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "从<strong>事物内部、一事物对其他事物的关系</strong>来研究事物发展",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [21, 22] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "<strong>发展是事物内部的必然的自己的运动,根本原因在于事物内部的矛盾性</strong>",
                                                                },
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                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [22, 23] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "外部作用只能改变范围和数量,无法揭示事物本质的千差万别",
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                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [23, 24] },
                                                            content: "本质",
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                                                                    depth: 5,
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                                                                    content: "<strong>内因论</strong>",
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                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [26, 27] },
                                                            content: "理论",
                                                            children: [
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                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [27, 28] },
                                                                    content: "<strong>内因是变化的根据</strong>",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [28, 29] },
                                                                    content: "<strong>外因是变化的条件</strong>",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [29, 30] },
                                                                    content: "<strong>外因通过内因而起作用</strong>",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [30, 31] },
                                                            content: "举例",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [31, 32] },
                                                                    content: "适宜的温度使得鸡蛋变为鸡子(小鸡)",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [32, 33] },
                                                                            content: "内因:鸡蛋,不是石头",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [33, 34] },
                                                                            content: "外因:适宜的温度",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [34, 35] },
                                                                    content: "中国共产党",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [35, 36] },
                                                                            content: "1927年陈独秀投降主义及其清算",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [36, 37] },
                                                                            content: "左倾机会主义/冒险主义及其清算",
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                                                                    ],
                                                                },
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                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [38, 39] },
                                                            content: "例子",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [39, 40] },
                                                                    content: "沙俄变为苏联",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [40, 41] },
                                                                    content: "日本由封建的闭关锁国变为帝国主义",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [41, 42] },
                                                            content: "解释",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [42, 43] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "社会外部环境(气候)几乎不变而社会发生巨变",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [43, 44] },
                                                                            content: "社会发展主要是由于内部变化",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                            ],
                                        },
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [44, 45] },
                                            content: "辩证法的历史",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [45, 46] },
                                                    content: "古代的朴素辩证法(被形而上学击败)",
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [46, 47] },
                                                    content: "黑格尔唯心辩证法",
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [47, 48] },
                                                    content: "唯物辩证法",
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                                        },
                                    ],
                                },
                                {
                                    type: "heading",
                                    depth: 1,
                                    payload: { lines: [49, 50] },
                                    content: "普遍性与特殊性",
                                    children: [
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [50, 51] },
                                            content: "普遍性/绝对性",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [51, 52] },
                                                    content: "论述",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [52, 53] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "矛盾存在于<strong>一切事物</strong>的发展过程中",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [53, 54] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "每一事物的发展存在着<strong>自始至终</strong>的矛盾运动",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [54, 55] },
                                                            content: "经典论述",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [55, 56] },
                                                                    content: "恩格斯:“运动本身就是矛盾。”",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [56, 57] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "列宁:对立统一“是承认自然界的一切现象和过程都含有互相矛盾、互相排斥、互相对立的趋向。”",
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                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
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                                                    content: "矛盾是物体运动的基础",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [58, 59] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "如果简单的机械移动本身包含着矛盾,那么,物质的更高的运动形式,特别是有机生命及其发展,就更加包含着矛盾",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [59, 60] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "思维的范围内也有矛盾,如人内部的无限认知能力与这种能力在外部被局限且在认识上也被局限的矛盾",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [60, 61] },
                                                            content: "各类事物的内部矛盾:",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [61, 62] },
                                                                    content: "数学:正负数,微分积分",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [62, 63] },
                                                                    content: "力学:作用力与反作用力",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [63, 64] },
                                                                    content: "物理学:阴电与阳电",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [64, 65] },
                                                                    content: "化学:化分与化合",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [65, 66] },
                                                                    content: "社会科学:阶级斗争",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [66, 67] },
                                                                    content: "战争:进退胜败",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [67, 68] },
                                                                    content: "人:生死",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [68, 69] },
                                                                    content: "……",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [69, 70] },
                                                    content: "概念差异与客观世界矛盾的关系",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [70, 71] },
                                                            content: "一个人",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [71, 72] },
                                                                    content: "人的每一概念差异都是客观世界矛盾的反映",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [72, 73] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "客观矛盾映入主观思想,组成了概念的矛盾运动,推动了思想发展,解决了实际问题",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [73, 74] },
                                                            content: "党内",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [74, 75] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "党内思想对立和斗争是阶级矛盾和新旧事物矛盾在党内的反映",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [75, 76] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "党内如果没有矛盾和解决矛盾的思想斗争,党的生命也就停止了",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [76, 77] },
                                                    content: "驳斥德波林学派",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [77, 78] },
                                                            content: "德波林学派的看法",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [78, 79] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "矛盾不是一开始就在过程中出现的,而是发展到一定阶段才出现",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [79, 80] },
                                                                    content: "差异不是矛盾",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [80, 81] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "举例:苏联条件下富农与一般农民只有差异没有矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [81, 82] },
                                                            content: "反驳",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [82, 83] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "假定该说法成立,则在产生矛盾之前的过程发展是出于外因而不是内部矛盾的原因,回到了形而上学的外因论和机械论",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [83, 84] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "<strong>差异本身就是矛盾</strong>,矛盾一直存在,只是有没有激化而已",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [84, 85] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "劳资之间的矛盾自从两阶级产生就存在,只是没有激化",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [85, 86] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "工农之间虽然在苏联条件下也有矛盾,仅仅不会激化为对抗,不以阶级斗争的形态表现,而是形成联盟,在走向社会主义、共产主义的道路上逐步消灭",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [86, 87] },
                                                    content: "普遍性的重要应用",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [87, 88] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "马克思典范地应用于《资本论》全书,从资本主义的细胞——商品交换,来分析资本主义社会的一切矛盾",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [88, 89] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "学会该方法,正确地分析中国革命历史和现状,并推断革命的未来",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                            ],
                                        },
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [89, 90] },
                                            content: "特殊性/相对性",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [90, 91] },
                                                    content: "内容",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [91, 92] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "任何运动形式的矛盾规定其区别于其他运动形式的特殊本质",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [92, 93] },
                                                            content: "所有物质运动形式都相互依存但本质不同",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [93, 94] },
                                                    content: "人类的认识过程",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [94, 95] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "<strong>由特殊到一般</strong>来认识诸种事物的共同矛盾",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [95, 96] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "而后<strong>由一般到特殊</strong>,以此为指导研究尚未深入研究过的事物来丰富和发展这种共同认识。",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [96, 97] },
                                                    content: "特殊性所决定的矛盾之间的复杂性",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [97, 98] },
                                                            content: "大事物包含许多矛盾,情形复杂",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [98, 99] },
                                                                    content: "中国资产阶级民主革命情形复杂",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [99, 100] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "中国社会各被压迫阶级和帝国主义的矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [100, 101] },
                                                                            content: "人民大众与封建制度的矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [101, 102] },
                                                                            content: "无产阶级与资产阶级的矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [102, 103] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "农民及城市小资产阶级与资产阶级的矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [103, 104] },
                                                                            content: "各反动统治集团间的矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [104, 105] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "各个矛盾不能一律看待,矛盾的两方面也不能一律看待",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [105, 106] },
                                                                    content: "驳教条主义",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [106, 107] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "我们的教条主义者是懒汉,他们拒绝对于具体事务做任何艰苦的研究工作",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [107, 108] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "他们把一般真理看成是凭空出现的东西,把它变为人们所不能够捉摸的纯粹抽象的公式",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [108, 109] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "完全否认并颠倒了这个人类认识真理的正常秩序",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [109, 110] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "他们也不懂得人类认识的两个过程的互相联结——由特殊到一般,再由一般到特殊",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [110, 111] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "结论:他们完全不懂得马克思主义的认识论",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [111, 112] },
                                                            content: "指导",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [112, 113] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "不但要在各个矛盾的总体上即各个矛盾的联结上了解特殊性,而且只有从矛盾的各个方面着手研究才有可能了解其总体",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [113, 114] },
                                                                    content: "所谓了解矛盾的各个方面,就是:",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [114, 115] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "了解它们每一方面各占何等特定的地位,各用何种具体形式和对方发生互相依存又互相矛盾的关系",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [115, 116] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "在互相依存又互相矛盾中,以及依存破裂后,又各用何种具体的方法和对方作斗争",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [116, 117] },
                                                    content: "特殊性所决定的特殊的解决方法",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [117, 118] },
                                                            content: "应当改正错误方法",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "heading",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [118, 119] },
                                                                    content: "忌主观",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [119, 120] },
                                                                            content: "不用唯物主义的观点看问题",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "heading",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [120, 121] },
                                                                    content: "忌片面",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [121, 122] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "<strong>不知道全面地看问题,不了解矛盾各方的特点,这就叫做片面地看问题,或者叫做只看见局部不看见整体,只看见树木不看见森林</strong>",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [122, 123] },
                                                                            content: "举例",
                                                                            children: [
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [123, 124] },
                                                                                    content: "革命战争中",
                                                                                    children: [
                                                                                        {
                                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                                            depth: 8,
                                                                                            payload: { lines: [124, 125] },
                                                                                            content:
                                                                                                "只了解中国一方、不了解日本一方",
                                                                                        },
                                                                                        {
                                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                                            depth: 8,
                                                                                            payload: { lines: [125, 126] },
                                                                                            content:
                                                                                                "只了解共产党一方、不了解国民党一方",
                                                                                        },
                                                                                        {
                                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                                            depth: 8,
                                                                                            payload: { lines: [126, 127] },
                                                                                            content:
                                                                                                "只了解无产阶级一方、不了解资产阶级一方",
                                                                                        },
                                                                                        {
                                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                                            depth: 8,
                                                                                            payload: { lines: [127, 128] },
                                                                                            content:
                                                                                                "只了解农民一方、不了解地主一方",
                                                                                        },
                                                                                        {
                                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                                            depth: 8,
                                                                                            payload: { lines: [128, 129] },
                                                                                            content:
                                                                                                "只了解顺利情形一方、不了解困难情形一方",
                                                                                        },
                                                                                        {
                                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                                            depth: 8,
                                                                                            payload: { lines: [129, 130] },
                                                                                            content:
                                                                                                "只了解过去一方、不了解将来一方",
                                                                                        },
                                                                                        {
                                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                                            depth: 8,
                                                                                            payload: { lines: [130, 131] },
                                                                                            content:
                                                                                                "只了解个体一方、不了解总体一方",
                                                                                        },
                                                                                        {
                                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                                            depth: 8,
                                                                                            payload: { lines: [131, 132] },
                                                                                            content:
                                                                                                "只了解缺点一方、不了解成绩一方",
                                                                                        },
                                                                                        {
                                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                                            depth: 8,
                                                                                            payload: { lines: [132, 133] },
                                                                                            content:
                                                                                                "只了解原告一方、不了解被告一方",
                                                                                        },
                                                                                        {
                                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                                            depth: 8,
                                                                                            payload: { lines: [133, 134] },
                                                                                            content:
                                                                                                "只了解革命的秘密工作一方、不了解革命的公开工作一方",
                                                                                        },
                                                                                        {
                                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                                            depth: 8,
                                                                                            payload: { lines: [134, 135] },
                                                                                            content: "……",
                                                                                        },
                                                                                    ],
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [135, 136] },
                                                                                    content: "水浒",
                                                                                    children: [
                                                                                        {
                                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                                            depth: 8,
                                                                                            payload: { lines: [136, 137] },
                                                                                            content:
                                                                                                "宋江三打祝家庄,两次都因情况不明,方法不对,打了败仗。后来改变方法,从调查情形入手,于是熟悉了盘陀路,拆散了李家庄、扈家庄和祝家庄的联盟,并且布置了藏在敌人营盘里的伏兵,用了和外国故事中所说木马计相像的方法,第三次就打了胜仗。",
                                                                                        },
                                                                                    ],
                                                                                },
                                                                            ],
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "heading",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [137, 138] },
                                                                    content: "忌表面",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [138, 139] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "对矛盾总体和矛盾各方的特点都不去看,否认深入事物里面精细地研究矛盾特点的必要,仅仅站在那里远远地望一望,粗枝大叶地看到一点矛盾的形相,就想动手去解决矛盾(答复问题、解决纠纷、处理工作、指挥战争)",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [139, 140] },
                                                            content: "具体问题具体分析的例子",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [140, 141] },
                                                                    content: "劳资矛盾——社会主义革命",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [141, 142] },
                                                                    content: "群众和封建制度的矛盾——民主革命",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [142, 143] },
                                                                    content: "殖民地和帝国主义矛盾——民族革命战争",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [143, 144] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "社会主义社会工农矛盾——农业集体化、机械化",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [144, 145] },
                                                                    content: "党内矛盾——批评与自我批评",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [145, 146] },
                                                                    content: "社会与自然的矛盾——发展生产力",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [146, 147] },
                                                                    content: "驳教条主义者",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [147, 148] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "不了解诸种革命情况的区别,因而比了解应用不同方法解决不同矛盾,千篇一律到处硬套自以为不可改变的公式,使革命遭受挫折或者好事办坏",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [148, 149] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "不动脑均具体分析任何事物,文章或演说空洞无物八股调",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [149, 150] },
                                                    content: "矛盾的阶段性",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [150, 151] },
                                                            content: "原因",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [151, 152] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "根本矛盾及所规定的本质不到事物完结绝不消失",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [152, 153] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "各阶段主要矛盾激化、次要矛盾或激化或消灭,因而各阶段存在区别",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [153, 154] },
                                                            content: "举例",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "heading",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [154, 155] },
                                                                    content: "自由资本主义到帝国主义",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [155, 156] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "无产阶级和资产阶级这两个根本矛盾的阶级的性质和社会的资本主义本质,并未变化",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [156, 157] },
                                                                            content: "阶级的矛盾激化了",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [157, 158] },
                                                                            content: "独占资本和自有资本之间的矛盾发生了",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [158, 159] },
                                                                            content: "宗主国与殖民地矛盾激化了",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [159, 160] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "各资本主义国家间的矛盾即由各国发展不平衡的状态引起的矛盾,特别尖锐地表现出来了",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [160, 161] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "因此形成了资本主义的特殊阶段——帝国主义",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "heading",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [161, 162] },
                                                                    content: "中国革命",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [162, 163] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "资产阶级领导时期的革命和在无产阶级领导时期的革命,区别为两个很大不同的历史阶段。",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [163, 164] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "由于无产阶级的领导,根本地改变了革命的面貌,引出了阶级关系的新调度",
                                                                            children: [
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [164, 165] },
                                                                                    content: "农民革命的大发动",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [165, 166] },
                                                                                    content:
                                                                                        "反帝国主义和反封建主义的革命彻底性",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [166, 167] },
                                                                                    content:
                                                                                        "由民主革命转变到社会主义革命的可能性",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [167, 168] },
                                                                                    content:
                                                                                        "所有这些,都是在资产阶级领导革命时期不可能出现的。",
                                                                                },
                                                                            ],
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [168, 169] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "整个过程中根本矛盾的性质,并没有变化,但是,二十多年中经过了几个发展阶段",
                                                                            children: [
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [169, 170] },
                                                                                    content: "辛亥革命失败和北洋军阀统治",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [170, 171] },
                                                                                    content:
                                                                                        "第一次民族统一战线的建立和一九二四年至一九二七年的革命",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [171, 172] },
                                                                                    content:
                                                                                        "统一战线破裂和资产阶级转入反革命",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [172, 173] },
                                                                                    content: "新的军阀战争,土地革命战争",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [173, 174] },
                                                                                    content:
                                                                                        "第二次民族统一战线建立和抗日战争",
                                                                                },
                                                                            ],
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [174, 175] },
                                                                            content: "在这些阶段中,包含着以下特殊情形",
                                                                            children: [
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [175, 176] },
                                                                                    content:
                                                                                        "有些矛盾激化了(例如土地革命战争和日本侵入东北四省)",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [176, 177] },
                                                                                    content:
                                                                                        "有些矛盾部分地或暂时地解决了(例如北洋军阀的被消灭,我们没收了地主的土地)",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [177, 178] },
                                                                                    content:
                                                                                        "有些矛盾重新发生了(例如新军阀之间的斗争,南方各革命根据地丧失后地主又重新收回土地)",
                                                                                },
                                                                            ],
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [178, 179] },
                                                    content: "矛盾的方面性",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [179, 180] },
                                                            content: "国共双方",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [180, 181] },
                                                                    content: "国民党方面",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [181, 182] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "第一次统一战线时期,实行了孙中山的联俄、联共、援助工农的三大政策,是革命的、有朝气的,是各阶级的民主革命的联盟",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [182, 183] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "1927年以后,变到了与此相反的方面,成了地主和大资产阶级的反动集团",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [183, 184] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "西安事变后又开始向停止内战、联合共产党共同反对日本帝国主义这个方面转变",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [184, 185] },
                                                                    content: "共产党方面",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [185, 186] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "第一次统一战线时期,是幼年的党,它英勇地领导了1924-1927年的革命;但在对于革命的性质、任务和方法的认识方面,却表现了它的幼年性,因此在这次革命的后期所发生的陈独秀主义能够起作用,使这次革命遭受了失败",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [186, 187] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "1927年以后,它又英勇地领导了土地革命战争,创立了革命的军队和革命的根据地,但是它也犯过冒险主义的错误,使军队和根据地都受了很大的损失",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [187, 188] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "1935年以后,它又纠正了冒险主义的错误,领导了新的抗日的统一战线,在这个阶段上,是一个经过了两次革命的考验、有了丰富的经验的党",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [188, 189] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "不研究这些特点,就不能了解两党在各个发展阶段上的特殊的相互关系:统一战线的建立,统一战线的破裂,再一个统一战线的建立",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [189, 190] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "而要研究两党的种种特点,更根本的就必须研究这两党的阶级基础以及因此在各个时期所形成的它们和其它方面的矛盾的对立",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [190, 191] },
                                                    content: "结论",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [191, 192] },
                                                            content: "矛盾的特性",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [192, 193] },
                                                                    content: "各个物质运动形式的矛盾",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [193, 194] },
                                                                    content: "各个运动形式在各个发展过程中的矛盾",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [194, 195] },
                                                                    content: "各个发展过程的矛盾的各方面",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [195, 196] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "各个发展过程在其各个发展阶段上的矛盾以及各个发展阶段上的矛盾的各方面",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [196, 197] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "研究所有这些矛盾的特性,都不能带主观随意性,必须对它们实行具体的分析",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [197, 198] },
                                                            content: "样本",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [198, 199] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "马恩把这事物矛盾的法则应用到社会历史过程的研究的时候,看出生产力和生产关系之间的矛盾,看出剥削阶级和被剥削阶级之间的矛盾以及由于这些矛盾所产生的经济基础和政治及思想等上层建筑之间的矛盾,而这些矛盾如何不可避免地会在各种不同的阶级社会中,引出各种不同的社会革命。",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [199, 200] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "马克思把这一法则应用到资本主义社会经济结构的研究的时候,他看出这一社会的基本矛盾在于生产的社会性和占有制的私人性之间的矛盾。这个矛盾表现于在各别企业中的生产的有组织性和在全社会中的生产的无组织性之间的矛盾。这个矛盾的阶级表现则是资产阶级和无产阶级之间的矛盾。",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                            ],
                                        },
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [200, 201] },
                                            content: "普遍性与特殊性的关系",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [201, 202] },
                                                    content: "普遍性与特殊性的相对性",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [202, 203] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "一定场合下表现其特殊性的,另一定场合写表现为普遍性,反之亦然。",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [203, 204] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "资本主义制度所包含的生产社会化和生产资料私人占有制的矛盾,是所有有资本主义的存在和发展的各国所共有的东西,对于资本主义说来,这是矛盾的普遍性",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [204, 205] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "但是资本主义的这种矛盾,乃是一般阶级社会发展在一定历史阶段上的东西,对于一般阶级社会中的生产力和生产关系的矛盾说来,这是矛盾的特殊性",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [205, 206] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "然而,当着马克思把资本主义社会这一切矛盾的特殊性解剖出来之后,同时也就更进一步地、更充分地、更完全地把一般阶级社会中这个生产力和生产关系的矛盾的普遍性阐发出来了",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [206, 207] },
                                                            content: "普遍性包含于特殊性",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [207, 208] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "研究一定事物时,应当发现这两方面及其互相联结,发现一事物内部的特殊性和普遍性的两方面及其相互联结,发现一事物与其他事物的互相联结",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [208, 209] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "举例:斯大林《论列宁主义基础》说明列宁之一历史根源的方式",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [209, 210] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "分析了列宁主义所由产生的国际环境,分析了在帝国主义条件下已经发展到极点的资本主义的诸矛盾,以及这些矛盾使无产阶级革命成为直接实践的问题,并造成了直接冲击资本主义的良好的条件,说明列宁主义是帝国主义时代的马克思主义(帝国主义矛盾的普遍性)",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [210, 211] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "又分析了为什么俄国成为列宁主义的策源地,分析了沙皇俄国当时是帝国主义一切矛盾的集合点以及俄国无产阶级所以能够成为国际的革命无产阶级的先锋队的原因(沙俄帝国主义在这一般矛盾中所具有的特殊性)",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [211, 212] },
                                                                            content: "在这种特殊性中就包含了普遍性",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [212, 213] },
                                                    content:
                                                        "普遍性与特殊性的关系就是共性与个性、绝对性与相对性的关系",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [213, 214] },
                                                            content: "共性包含于一切个性之中,无个性就无共性",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [214, 215] },
                                                            content: "矛盾各自是特殊的,造成个性",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [215, 216] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "一切个性都是有条件地暂时地存在,所以是相对的",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [216, 217] },
                                                    content:
                                                        "研究问题的过程中由普遍性到特殊性,最后回到普遍性",
                                                },
                                            ],
                                        },
                                    ],
                                },
                                {
                                    type: "heading",
                                    depth: 1,
                                    payload: { lines: [218, 219] },
                                    content: "主要矛盾与主要的矛盾方面",
                                    children: [
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [219, 220] },
                                            content: "矛盾分主次",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [220, 221] },
                                                    content: "论述",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [221, 222] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "任何过程如果有多数矛盾存在的话,其中必定有一种是主要的,骑着领导的、决定的作用,其他则处于次要和服从的地位",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [222, 223] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "这是马克思研究资本主义社会告诉我们的方法",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [223, 224] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "列宁和斯大林研究帝国主义和资本主义总危机、研究苏联经济的时候,也告诉我们这种方法",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [224, 225] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "研究任何过程,如果存在两个以上矛盾的复杂过程,要尽全力找出其主要矛盾,捉住了这个主要矛盾,一切问题就迎刃而解了",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [225, 226] },
                                                    content: "举例",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [226, 227] },
                                                            content: "资本主义社会",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [227, 228] },
                                                                    content: "主要矛盾:无产阶级和资产阶级的矛盾",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [228, 229] },
                                                                    content: "次要矛盾",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [229, 230] },
                                                                            content: "封建阶级和资产阶级的矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [230, 231] },
                                                                            content: "农民小资产者与资产阶级矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [231, 232] },
                                                                            content: "自由资产阶级和垄断资产阶级矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [232, 233] },
                                                                            content: "资产阶级民主和法西斯主义矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [233, 234] },
                                                                            content: "资本主义国家间矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [234, 235] },
                                                                            content: "帝国主义和殖民地矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [235, 236] },
                                                            content: "帝国主义侵略之下的中国近代",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "heading",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [236, 237] },
                                                                    content: "剧烈的侵略(战争)",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [237, 238] },
                                                                            content: "表现:本国人民基本团结对外",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [238, 239] },
                                                                            content: "主要矛盾:帝国主义和中华民族的矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [239, 240] },
                                                                            content: "次要矛盾:国内各阶级矛盾和制度矛盾",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "heading",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [240, 241] },
                                                                    content: "温和的侵略(政治经济)",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [241, 242] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "表现:统治阶级投降并与帝国主义结盟,共同压迫本国人民",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [242, 243] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "主要矛盾表现为国内战争,帝国主义间接援助统治阶级,内部矛盾尖锐,各统治集团内战",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [243, 244] },
                                                                            content: "举例",
                                                                            children: [
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [244, 245] },
                                                                                    content: "辛亥革命",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [245, 246] },
                                                                                    content: "第一次国内革命战争",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [246, 247] },
                                                                                    content: "十年土地革命战争",
                                                                                },
                                                                            ],
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                            ],
                                        },
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [247, 248] },
                                            content: "矛盾两方面也不可一律看待",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [248, 249] },
                                                    content: "平衡中的不平衡",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [249, 250] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "两方面似乎有时势均力敌,但只是暂时的,基本形态仍是不平衡",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [250, 251] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "不平衡,则必然有一方面是主要的,其他方面是次要的",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [251, 252] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "事物的性质主要由取得支配地位的主要的矛盾方面决定",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [252, 253] },
                                                    content: "两方面的互相转化",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [253, 254] },
                                                            content: "转化由矛盾中双方斗争力量数目的增减程度决定",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [254, 255] },
                                                            content: "新旧的矛盾(新陈代谢)",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [255, 256] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "依事物本身的性质和条件,经过不同的飞跃形式,一事物转换为其他事物的过程,就是新陈代谢",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [256, 257] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "新的方面由小变大,上升为支配的东西;旧的方面由大变小,变成逐步归于灭亡的东西",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [257, 258] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "一当心得方面对于旧的方面取得支配地位的时候,旧事物的性质就变化为新事物的性质",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [258, 259] },
                                                    content: "举例",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [259, 260] },
                                                            content: "西方",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [260, 261] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "资本主义从封建社会的附庸地位上升为支配地位,封建势力则由支配变成附庸,社会性质改变",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [261, 262] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "生产力发展,资产阶级从进步势力转变为保守势力,最终被无产阶级推翻,无产阶级从附庸上升至支配地位,社会性质改变",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [262, 263] },
                                                            content: "中国",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [263, 264] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "帝国主义压迫下中国由独立国变为半殖民地,地位转化",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [264, 265] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "半殖民地支配地位的帝国主义必将被无产阶级领导下生长起来的力量打倒,中国恢复为独立国,地位再次转化",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [265, 266] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "封建地主阶级打倒,从统治者变为被统治者;人民从被统治者变为统治者;社会从半殖民地半封建转变为新的民主社会",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [266, 267] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "清帝国在辛亥革命被打倒,革命同盟会一度取得胜利",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [267, 268] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "第一次国内革命战争,两党领导的力量由小变大,北伐节节胜利",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [268, 269] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "1927党领导的人民势力变得弱小,肃清党内机会主义之后再次变得强大",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [269, 270] },
                                                    content: "关于几个特别的矛盾",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [270, 271] },
                                                            content: "错误观点",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [271, 272] },
                                                                    content: "生产力和生产关系,生产力是主要的",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [272, 273] },
                                                                    content: "理论和实践,实践是主要的",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [273, 274] },
                                                                    content: "经济基础和上层建筑,经济基础是主要的",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [274, 275] },
                                                            content: "是这样吗?",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [275, 276] },
                                                                    content: "一般是这样的,部分情况则会反过来",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [276, 277] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "不改变生产不能发展生产力的时候,生产关系是决定性的",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [277, 278] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "“没有革命理论就不会有革命实践”的时候,理论的创立和提倡是主要的",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [278, 279] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "要做某事但没有方针政策计划的时候,方针政策计划是主要的",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [279, 280] },
                                                                            content:
                                                                                "政治经济等上层建筑阻碍经济发展的时候,上层建筑变革是决定性的",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [280, 281] },
                                                            content: "所以,要反对一面性的形而上学观点!",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                            ],
                                        },
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [281, 282] },
                                            content: "总结",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [282, 283] },
                                                    content: "两种矛盾情况的差别性或特殊性冥斗士不平衡性",
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [283, 284] },
                                                    content:
                                                        "世界上没有绝对平衡发展的东西,必须反对平衡论(均衡论)",
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [284, 285] },
                                                    content:
                                                        "这种具体的矛盾状况,以及矛盾的主要方面和非主要方面在发展过程中的变化,正是表现出新事物代替旧事物的力量",
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [285, 286] },
                                                    content:
                                                        "对于矛盾的各种不平衡情况,主要矛盾和非主要矛盾、主要的矛盾方面和非主要的矛盾方面的研究,是正确地决定政治和军事战略战术方针的重要参考之一",
                                                },
                                            ],
                                        },
                                    ],
                                },
                                {
                                    type: "heading",
                                    depth: 1,
                                    payload: { lines: [287, 288] },
                                    content: "同一性与斗争性",
                                    children: [
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [288, 289] },
                                            content: "同一性",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [289, 290] },
                                                    content: "复杂的矛盾情况",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [290, 291] },
                                                            content: "已知",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [291, 292] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "一切矛盾的各方面,本来是相互排斥、相互斗争、相互对立的",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [292, 293] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "单纯的过程只有一对矛盾,复杂的过程则有一对以上矛盾,各个矛盾之间又构成矛盾",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [293, 294] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "这样地组成客观世界的一切事物和人们的思想,并推使它们发生运动",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [294, 295] },
                                                            content: "极不协调极不统一,同一性在哪里?",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [295, 296] },
                                                    content: "同一性内容论述",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [296, 297] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "矛盾两方面各以对方为自己存在的前提,共存于一个统一体",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [297, 298] },
                                                                    content: "一面互相对立,一面相互连接、贯通、渗透",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [298, 299] },
                                                                            content: "生死",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [299, 300] },
                                                                            content: "上下",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [300, 301] },
                                                                            content: "祸福",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [301, 302] },
                                                                            content: "难易",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [302, 303] },
                                                                            content: "地主与佃农",
                                                                        },
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [303, 304] },
                                                                            content: "资产阶级与无产阶级",
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [304, 305] },
                                                                    content: "仅仅这样就统一了?",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [305, 306] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "矛盾两方面在一定条件下可以各自朝着相反的方向转化",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [306, 307] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "无产阶级从被统治者转化为统治者,资产阶级反之",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [307, 308] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "起过某种积极作用的国民党在帝国主义引诱下(条件)转为反革命(反向转化),在中日矛盾尖锐化、统一战线政策下(条件)赞成抗日(反向转化)",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [308, 309] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "土地革命,有土地的地主失掉土地,无土地的农民得到土地,有无得失翻转;农民私有制在社会主义下变为集体农业的公有制,有无转化",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [309, 310] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "无产阶级的国家是为了消灭国家,共产党的存在是为了最终消灭共产党的存在",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [310, 311] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "战争与和平:一战之后出现和平,和平是二战的先声;抗日之下停止内战,实现国内和平",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [311, 312] },
                                                    content: "同一性的条件性",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [312, 313] },
                                                            content: "自然案例",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [313, 314] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "鸡蛋转化为鸡子(小鸡),石头则不能转化为鸡子",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [314, 315] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "战争与和平具有同一性,与石头不具有同一性",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [315, 316] },
                                                                    content: "人能生人,生不出别的东西",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [316, 317] },
                                                            content: "社会案例",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [317, 318] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "为什么俄国二月资产阶级革命与十月革命直接联系,法国没有联系而最终失败?",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [318, 319] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "为什么蒙古和中亚游牧制度直接联系于社会主义?",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [319, 320] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "为什么中国革命可以直接避免资产阶级专政时期,直接走向社会主义?",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [320, 321] },
                                                            content: "注意同一性的条件性(因而有相对性)!",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [321, 322] },
                                                    content: "为什么事物不能看成一成不变的东西?",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [322, 323] },
                                                            content: "原因",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [323, 324] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "客观事物本来如此,本不是凝固的,而是活的生动的",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [324, 325] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "这种情况反映在思想中就是马克思主义的唯物辩证法的宇宙观",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [325, 326] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "只有反动统治阶级及位置服务的形而上学,不把对立的事物当做活的、可变动的、互相转化的,而是死的、凝固的,来迷惑人民、维护统治",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [326, 327] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "结论:我们共产党人应当揭露反动派和形而上的错误思想,宣传辩证法,促成事物转化,达到革命目的",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                            ],
                                        },
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [327, 328] },
                                            content: "斗争性",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [328, 329] },
                                                    content: "内容",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [329, 330] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "对立事物的同一性是有条件地、暂时的、相对的,但其互相对立的斗争是绝对的",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [330, 331] },
                                                    content: "事物的发展状态",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [331, 332] },
                                                            content: "相对静止状态/量变",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [332, 333] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "只有数量变化没有性质变化,显示好似静止状态",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [333, 334] },
                                                            content: "显著变动状态/质变",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [334, 335] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "第一种状态的数量变化达到了某一最高点,导致统一物分解,性质变化",
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [335, 336] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "量变引起质变,矛盾存在于两种状态中,并通过第二种状态达到解决",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                            ],
                                        },
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [336, 337] },
                                            content: "总结",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [337, 338] },
                                                    content: "相反相成",
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [338, 339] },
                                                    content: "在相对的东西中有绝对的东西",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [339, 340] },
                                                            content: "同一性中的斗争性",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [340, 341] },
                                                            content: "特殊性中的普遍性",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [341, 342] },
                                                            content: "个性中的共性",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                            ],
                                        },
                                    ],
                                },
                                {
                                    type: "heading",
                                    depth: 1,
                                    payload: { lines: [343, 344] },
                                    content: "对抗在矛盾中的地位",
                                    children: [
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [344, 345] },
                                            content: "论述",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [345, 346] },
                                                    content: "对抗式矛盾斗争的一种形式,而不是一切形式",
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [346, 347] },
                                                    content: "有些矛盾具有公开的对抗性,有些则不具有对抗性",
                                                },
                                            ],
                                        },
                                        {
                                            type: "heading",
                                            depth: 2,
                                            payload: { lines: [347, 348] },
                                            content: "举例",
                                            children: [
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [348, 349] },
                                                    content: "人类的阶级社会",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [349, 350] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "剥削阶级和被剥削阶级的矛盾长期存在、互相斗争,在发展到一定阶段时才采取外部对抗也就是革命的形式",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [350, 351] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "阶级社会和平转向战争的过程,也是矛盾从不对抗到对抗的表现",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [351, 352] },
                                                    content: "党内思想矛盾",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "heading",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [352, 353] },
                                                            content: "解释",
                                                            children: [
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [353, 354] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "列宁、斯大林的正确思想与托洛茨基、布哈林等人错误思想的矛盾刚开始不是对抗,随后发展为对抗",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [354, 355] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "许多同志的正确思想与陈独秀、张国焘等人错误思想的矛盾刚开始不对抗,最后发展为对抗",
                                                                },
                                                                {
                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                    depth: 5,
                                                                    payload: { lines: [355, 356] },
                                                                    content:
                                                                        "当下党内同志思想矛盾没有表现为对抗,犯错误的同志及时改正,可以不使发展为对抗",
                                                                    children: [
                                                                        {
                                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                                            depth: 6,
                                                                            payload: { lines: [356, 357] },
                                                                            content: "党对待有错误思想的同志的方针",
                                                                            children: [
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [357, 358] },
                                                                                    content: "对错误思想进行严肃斗争",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [358, 359] },
                                                                                    content:
                                                                                        "给犯了错误的同志以充分的自我觉悟的机会",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [359, 360] },
                                                                                    content: "避免过火斗争",
                                                                                },
                                                                                {
                                                                                    type: "list_item",
                                                                                    depth: 7,
                                                                                    payload: { lines: [360, 361] },
                                                                                    content:
                                                                                        "如果拒不改正并执意继续扩大,矛盾有发展为对抗的可能",
                                                                                },
                                                                            ],
                                                                        },
                                                                    ],
                                                                },
                                                            ],
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [361, 362] },
                                                    content: "城市与乡村",
                                                    children: [
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [362, 363] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "资本主义社会下、国统区内,城市(或帝国主义者)残酷掠夺乡村,城乡矛盾表现为极为对抗的形式",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [363, 364] },
                                                            content:
                                                                "社会主义国家和我革命根据地内这种矛盾表现为非对抗",
                                                        },
                                                        {
                                                            type: "list_item",
                                                            depth: 4,
                                                            payload: { lines: [364, 365] },
                                                            content: "共产主义社会,城乡矛盾消灭",
                                                        },
                                                    ],
                                                },
                                                {
                                                    type: "heading",
                                                    depth: 3,
                                                    payload: { lines: [365, 366] },
                                                    content: "社会主义社会下,对抗消灭了,但矛盾存在着",
                                                },
                                            ],
                                        },
                                    ],
                                },
                            ],
                        },
                        {}
                    );
                </script>
            </div>
            <p class="time">2021.8.16</p>
            <script src="https://www.qin-juan-ge-zhu.top/common/js/comment.js"></script>
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